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sapor amarus

  • 1 amarus

    amārus, a, um (wohl v. griech. ὠμός, roh, altind. amáh), Adi. m. Compar. u. Superl., bitter (Ggstz. dulcis), I) eig.: a) v. Geschmack, sapor, Plin.: amygdala, bittere Mandeln, Pallad.: salix, Verg.: fontes vehementer amari, Vitr.: murra gustu leniter amara, Plin.: os, Bitterkeit im Munde, Cels.: calices amariores, schärferer, älterer Wein, Catull.: tantam magnitudinem fluminis facit amaram (von einer Quelle), Vitr. – subst., amarum, Plur. amara, das Bittere, die Bitterkeit, quid iudicant sensus? dulce amarum, lene asperum, Cic.: sentit dulcia et amara, Cic. – b) v. Geruch, scharf, beißend, fructus amarus odore, Plin. 18, 122: fumus, Verg. Aen. 12, 588. – c) für das Gehör, rauh, widerlich, sonitus, Stat. Theb. 10, 553. – d) für das Gefühl übh., rauh, widerlich, gelu, Stat. Theb. 5, 393. – II) übtr.: a) widerlich, widerwärtig, lästig, herb, unangenehm, casus, Ov.: rumor, Verg.: historiae, lästige (langweilige), Hor.: tamquam amara aliqua sarcina, Val. Max.: amarior morte mulier, Vulg.: necessitatis amarissimae leges, Val. Max.: amarissimae calamitates, Oros. – amarum est m. folg. Infin., Plaut. cist. 68. – b) bitter für das Gemüt, curae, Ov.: luctus, Ov. – subst., amara, ōrum, n., das Herbe, Bittere (= bitterer Kummer usw., Ggstz. dulcia), Plaut. u. Hor.: u. so amara curarum, Hor. – Acc. neutr. adv., amarum, bitter, subridere, Apul. met. 6, 13. Amm. 21, 9, 8. – c) ( wie πικρός) von der Gemütsart u. dem Benehmen dessen, der seine gereizte Stimmung gern an andern ausläßt, bitter, empfindlich, reizbar, heftig, mulieres, Ter.: hostis, grausamer, Verg.: amariorem me senectus facit, Cic. – d) von der Rede, in der sich die Bitterkeit der Gesinnung ausspricht, bitter, beißend, scharf, verletzend, lingua, Ov.: sermo, Hor.: dicta, Ov.: dictum, Amm.: sales, Quint.: amarissima maledicta, Val. Max.

    lateinisch-deutsches > amarus

  • 2 amarus

    amārus, a, um (wohl v. griech. ὠμός, roh, altind. amáh), Adi. m. Compar. u. Superl., bitter (Ggstz. dulcis), I) eig.: a) v. Geschmack, sapor, Plin.: amygdala, bittere Mandeln, Pallad.: salix, Verg.: fontes vehementer amari, Vitr.: murra gustu leniter amara, Plin.: os, Bitterkeit im Munde, Cels.: calices amariores, schärferer, älterer Wein, Catull.: tantam magnitudinem fluminis facit amaram (von einer Quelle), Vitr. – subst., amarum, Plur. amara, das Bittere, die Bitterkeit, quid iudicant sensus? dulce amarum, lene asperum, Cic.: sentit dulcia et amara, Cic. – b) v. Geruch, scharf, beißend, fructus amarus odore, Plin. 18, 122: fumus, Verg. Aen. 12, 588. – c) für das Gehör, rauh, widerlich, sonitus, Stat. Theb. 10, 553. – d) für das Gefühl übh., rauh, widerlich, gelu, Stat. Theb. 5, 393. – II) übtr.: a) widerlich, widerwärtig, lästig, herb, unangenehm, casus, Ov.: rumor, Verg.: historiae, lästige (langweilige), Hor.: tamquam amara aliqua sarcina, Val. Max.: amarior morte mulier, Vulg.: necessitatis amarissimae leges, Val. Max.: amarissimae calamitates, Oros. – amarum est m. folg. Infin., Plaut. cist. 68. – b) bitter für das Gemüt, curae, Ov.: luctus, Ov. – subst., amara, ōrum, n., das Herbe, Bittere (= bitterer Kummer usw., Ggstz. dulcia), Plaut. u. Hor.: u. so amara curarum, Hor. – Acc. neutr. adv., amarum, bitter, subridere, Apul. met. 6, 13. Amm.
    ————
    21, 9, 8. – c) ( wie πικρός) von der Gemütsart u. dem Benehmen dessen, der seine gereizte Stimmung gern an andern ausläßt, bitter, empfindlich, reizbar, heftig, mulieres, Ter.: hostis, grausamer, Verg.: amariorem me senectus facit, Cic. – d) von der Rede, in der sich die Bitterkeit der Gesinnung ausspricht, bitter, beißend, scharf, verletzend, lingua, Ov.: sermo, Hor.: dicta, Ov.: dictum, Amm.: sales, Quint.: amarissima maledicta, Val. Max.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > amarus

  • 3 amarus

    amārus, a, um
    2) острый ( odor PM); едкий ( fumus V)
    5) неприятный, досадный (casus O; rumor V); тяжёлый, тягостный ( necessitas VM); тяжёлый, мучительный (luctus, cura O)
    6) злобный ( hostis V); язвительный, едкий ( dicta O)

    Латинско-русский словарь > amarus

  • 4 sapor

    sapor, ōris, m. (sapio), I) der Geschmack, A) der Geschmack als Beschaffenheit einer Sache, 1) eig. u. bildl.: a) eig.: amarus, dulcis, Plin.: qui non sapore capiatur, Cic.: poma sapore tristi, Ov.: Plur., veteraria per sapores aetatesque disponere, Sen. nat. qu. 4, 13, 3. – b) bildl., die feine Redeweise, der feine Ton, vernaculus, Cic. Brut. 172: Atticus, Quint. 12, 10, 75; vgl. 6, 4, 107. – 2) meton. = die Leckerei, der Leckerbissen, sapores annui, Plin.: acervatio saporum, Plin.: gallae admiscere saporem, Verg.: saporibus palatum suum delectare, Sen. – 3) übtr., der Geruch, gravitas saporis, Plin. 32, 117. – meton., sapores, Wohlgerüche, Verg. georg. 4, 62. – B) der Geschmack, den ein Mensch von etwas hat, a) eig.: oris, Lucr. 2, 511. – b) bildl., der feine Ton in Benehmen u. Rede, homo sine sapore, Cic. post red. in sen. 14: sermonem habere non publici saporis, besser sprechen als gewöhnliche Leute, Petron. 3, 1. – II) der Sinn, quinque genera saporum sunt, visus auditus odoratus tactus gustus, Schol. Bern. Verg. georg. 2, 246.

    lateinisch-deutsches > sapor

  • 5 sapor

    sapor, ōris, m. (sapio), I) der Geschmack, A) der Geschmack als Beschaffenheit einer Sache, 1) eig. u. bildl.: a) eig.: amarus, dulcis, Plin.: qui non sapore capiatur, Cic.: poma sapore tristi, Ov.: Plur., veteraria per sapores aetatesque disponere, Sen. nat. qu. 4, 13, 3. – b) bildl., die feine Redeweise, der feine Ton, vernaculus, Cic. Brut. 172: Atticus, Quint. 12, 10, 75; vgl. 6, 4, 107. – 2) meton. = die Leckerei, der Leckerbissen, sapores annui, Plin.: acervatio saporum, Plin.: gallae admiscere saporem, Verg.: saporibus palatum suum delectare, Sen. – 3) übtr., der Geruch, gravitas saporis, Plin. 32, 117. – meton., sapores, Wohlgerüche, Verg. georg. 4, 62. – B) der Geschmack, den ein Mensch von etwas hat, a) eig.: oris, Lucr. 2, 511. – b) bildl., der feine Ton in Benehmen u. Rede, homo sine sapore, Cic. post red. in sen. 14: sermonem habere non publici saporis, besser sprechen als gewöhnliche Leute, Petron. 3, 1. – II) der Sinn, quinque genera saporum sunt, visus auditus odoratus tactus gustus, Schol. Bern. Verg. georg. 2, 246.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > sapor

  • 6 sapor

    ōris m. [ sapio ]
    1) вкус (s. amarus PM; s. pomorum O)
    2) тонкое обращение, хороший тон, развитой вкус, такт (s. vernaculus C; homo sine sapore C)
    3) лакомство, изысканное блюдо ( saporibus palātum suum delectare Sen)
    4) чувство вкуса, вкусовые ощущения (s. oris Lcr)
    5) pl. благовония ( aspergere sapores V)

    Латинско-русский словарь > sapor

  • 7 Вкус

    - sapor; gustus,us,m;

    • вяжущий вкус - sapor adstringens;

    • горький вкус - sapor amarus;

    • кислый вкус - sapor acidus;

    • медово-сладкий вкус - sapor melleus;

    • неприятный вкус - sapor ingratus;

    • острый вкус - sapor acer;

    • отвратительный вкус - sapor foedus;

    • перечный вкус - sapor piperitus;

    • приятный вкус - sapor gratus;

    • иметь приятный вкус - jucunde sapere;

    • сладкий вкус - sapor dulcis (suavis);

    • солёный вкус - sapor salinus;

    • терпкий вкус - sapor acebus;

    • тошнотворный вкус - sapor nauseosus;

    • хороший вкус - elegantia;

    • со в вкусом - eleganter, venuste, scite;

    • тонкий вкус - subtile judicium;

    • человек с отличным вкусом - vir exquisito judicio; doctus et intelligens rerum aestimator; homo emunctae naris;

    • эта выдумка пришлась по вкусу - placuit sollertia;

    • у всякого свой вкус - suam cuique sponsam, mihi meam;

    Большой русско-латинский словарь Поляшева > Вкус

  • 8 bitter

    [488] bitter, amarus (nicht süß, herb, Ggstz. dulcis, eig. u. uneig.). – acerbus (beißend, scharf, Ggstz. mitis, suavis; bes. uneig. = »hart, streng«, wie Feind, Feindschaft, Haß; dann = »empfindlich treffend etc.«, wie Witz etc.). – gravis (heftig, wie Feind, Feindschaft). – mordax (beißend anzüglich, wie Verse, Worte etc.). – b. Geschmack, sapor amarus od. acerbus; im Munde (bei Krankheiten), os amarum: b. werden, inamarescere. – das Bittere des Verweises, quod acerbitatis habet obiurgatio: b. Klage führen, s. unten Adv.: jmdm. bittere Vorwürfe machen, aspere vituperare alqm: in sehr bitteren Ausdrücken jmdm. schreiben, acerbissime alci scribere: bittere Früchte von etw. ernten (bildl.), fructus magnā acerbitate permixtos ferre ex etc.: in der bittersten Armut leben, in summa egestate od. mendicitate vivere. – Adv.amare (eig. u. uneig.); acerbe. aspere. graviter (uneig.). – gegen jmd. b. (in Worten) sein, acerbe increpare alqm; acerbius invehi in alqm: jmd. recht b. kränken, alci quam acerbissimum dolorem inurere: sich d. beklagen (b. Klage führen) über etwas, graviter queri alqd; über jmd., acerbe od. graviter accusare alqm.

    deutsch-lateinisches > bitter

  • 9 Bitterkeit

    Bitterkeit, amaritudo (die Herbheit, herbe Bitterkeit, auch im Tone, vocis). – acerbitas (das Beißende, Scharfe; uneig., die Härte, Unfreundlichkeit; auch trauriger, betrübter Zustand). – sapor amarus od. acerbus (der einer Sache anhaftende herbe od. scharfe Geschmack). – gravitas (Heftigkeit, z. B. der Feindschaft). – ira. bilis (Haß u. Feindschaft). – acerbe dictum (bittere Worte). – jmdm. Bit terkeiten sagen, acerbe increpare alqm; acerbius invehi in alqm: jmd. mit B. erfüllen, bilem alci commovere.

    deutsch-lateinisches > Bitterkeit

  • 10 Терпкий

    - acer; acerbus (sapor); amarus; durus;

    Большой русско-латинский словарь Поляшева > Терпкий

  • 11 dulcis

    dulcis, e, Adi. m. Compar. u. Superl. (verwandt mit γλυκύς), süß, lieblich von Geschmack (Ggstz. amarus), I) eig.: 1) im allg.: a) adi.: mel, Plaut.: vinum, merum, Hor.: aqua, Lucr. (Ggstz. salsae undae) u. Auct. b. Alex.: unda (Ggstz. unda marina), Ov.: olivum, frisches, noch nicht ranziges Öl, Hor.: res (Ggstz. amarae), Arnob.: cibi, süße, saftige (Ggstz. c. sicci), Plin.: dulcior uvā maturā, Ov.: dulcissimus panis, Plin.: sapor d., Hor. – b) subst.: α) dulce, is, n., etwas Süßes, eine Süßigkeit (Ggstz. amarum), v. Getränken, Plaut. u. Ov.: bes. süßer Wein, s. Sillig Plin. 28, 252. – β) dulcia, ium, n., Süßigkeiten (Ggstz. amara, acida), Cic. u.a. (versch. ist dulcia, Plur. v. dulcium, w.s.). – 2) prägn., piscina, in dem süßes Wasser ist (Ggstz. p. salsa), Varro: pisces d., Süßwasserfische (Ggstz. p. salsi), Varro. – II) übtr., A) süß = anziehend, angenehm, lieblich, nomen, orator, Cic.: Herodotus, Quint.: somnus, Verg. u. Apul.: sonus, Hor.: d. et alta quies, Verg.: lucrum, Ov. u. Phaedr.: nihil dulcius, Cic. – m. 2. Supin., dulce auditu (süßklingender) nomen, Liv. 24, 21, 3: dulcis visu, Stat. Ach. 1, 161. – B) insbes., liebreich, freundlich, gefällig, zärtlich, Ggstz. acerbus, Cic., Ggstz. amarus, Plaut.: d. amicus, freundlich gesinnter, liebevoller, Cic. u. Hor.: conviva, ein heiterer, Prop.: amicitia remissior esse debet et dulcior, Cic. – u., wie unser süß, in Anreden, dulcis amice, Hor.: dulcissime frater, Cic.: u. absol., dulcissime rerum, Hor. – / Abl. Sing. gew. dulci; doch dulce bei Apic. 4, 181. Ven. Fort. 2, 2, 24 u.ö.

    lateinisch-deutsches > dulcis

  • 12 dulcis

    dulcis, e, Adi. m. Compar. u. Superl. (verwandt mit γλυκύς), süß, lieblich von Geschmack (Ggstz. amarus), I) eig.: 1) im allg.: a) adi.: mel, Plaut.: vinum, merum, Hor.: aqua, Lucr. (Ggstz. salsae undae) u. Auct. b. Alex.: unda (Ggstz. unda marina), Ov.: olivum, frisches, noch nicht ranziges Öl, Hor.: res (Ggstz. amarae), Arnob.: cibi, süße, saftige (Ggstz. c. sicci), Plin.: dulcior uvā maturā, Ov.: dulcissimus panis, Plin.: sapor d., Hor. – b) subst.: α) dulce, is, n., etwas Süßes, eine Süßigkeit (Ggstz. amarum), v. Getränken, Plaut. u. Ov.: bes. süßer Wein, s. Sillig Plin. 28, 252. – β) dulcia, ium, n., Süßigkeiten (Ggstz. amara, acida), Cic. u.a. (versch. ist dulcia, Plur. v. dulcium, w.s.). – 2) prägn., piscina, in dem süßes Wasser ist (Ggstz. p. salsa), Varro: pisces d., Süßwasserfische (Ggstz. p. salsi), Varro. – II) übtr., A) süß = anziehend, angenehm, lieblich, nomen, orator, Cic.: Herodotus, Quint.: somnus, Verg. u. Apul.: sonus, Hor.: d. et alta quies, Verg.: lucrum, Ov. u. Phaedr.: nihil dulcius, Cic. – m. 2. Supin., dulce auditu (süßklingender) nomen, Liv. 24, 21, 3: dulcis visu, Stat. Ach. 1, 161. – B) insbes., liebreich, freundlich, gefällig, zärtlich, Ggstz. acerbus, Cic., Ggstz. amarus, Plaut.: d. amicus, freundlich gesinnter, liebevoller, Cic. u. Hor.: conviva, ein heiterer, Prop.: amicitia remissior esse debet et dulcior, Cic. –
    ————
    u., wie unser süß, in Anreden, dulcis amice, Hor.: dulcissime frater, Cic.: u. absol., dulcissime rerum, Hor. – ⇒ Abl. Sing. gew. dulci; doch dulce bei Apic. 4, 181. Ven. Fort. 2, 2, 24 u.ö.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > dulcis

  • 13 Asper

    1.
    asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

    aspris = asperis,

    Verg. A. 2, 379;

    aspro = aspero,

    Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
    I.
    1.. Lit.:

    lingua aspera tactu,

    Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

    mixta aspera levibus,

    Lucr. 2, 471:

    in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

    Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

    lene, asperum,

    id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

    tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

    Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

    Leucas,

    Luc. 1, 42:

    loca,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

    viae asperae,

    ib. Bar. 4, 26:

    vallis aspera,

    ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    glacies,

    Verg. E. 10, 49:

    hiems,

    Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

    and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

    harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

    aspera signis Pocula,

    Verg. A. 9, 263:

    Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

    id. ib. 5, 267:

    signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

    Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

    stantem extra pocula caprum,

    Juv. 1, 76):

    Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 701:

    aspera pocula,

    Prop. 2, 6, 17:

    ebur,

    Sen. Hippol. 899:

    balteus,

    Val. Fl. 5, 578:

    cingula bacis,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

    nummus,

    not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

    mare,

    agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

    barba,

    Tib. 1, 8, 32:

    sentes,

    Verg. A. 2, 379:

    rubus,

    id. E. 3, 89:

    mucro,

    Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
    2.
    Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

    quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

    Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
    3.
    Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

    latens in asperis radix,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

    aspera maris,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    propter aspera et confragosa,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

    per aspera et devia,

    Suet. Tib. 60:

    erunt aspera in vias planas,

    Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

    asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

    Tac. A. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

    asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

    asper sapor maris,

    Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

    quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

    id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

    asperrimum piper,

    id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

    acetum quam asperrimum,

    id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
    2.
    Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

    (pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

    virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

    Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

    duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
    3.
    Of smell, sharp, pungent:

    herba odoris asperi,

    Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

    quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

    Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

    orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    aspera Juno,

    Verg. A. 1, 279:

    juvenis monitoribus asper,

    Hor. A. P. 163:

    patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

    Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

    rebus non asper egenis,

    Verg. A. 8, 365:

    cladibus asper,

    exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

    asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

    unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

    (Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

    Ov. M. 13, 803:

    Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

    asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

    Verg. A. 7, 647:

    aspera Pholoe,

    coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

    accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

    Cic. Mur. 29:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

    (Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40:

    (Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

    Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

    Camilla aspera,

    id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

    gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

    Just. 2, 3:

    virgo aspera,

    i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
    b.
    Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

    (anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

    Verg. G. 3, 434:

    bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

    id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

    ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

    Verg. A. 9, 62:

    lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

    Ov. M. 11, 402:

    ille (leo) asper retro redit,

    Verg. A. 9, 794:

    tigris aspera,

    Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

    (equus) asper frena pati,

    Sil. 3, 387.—
    B.
    Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

    in periculis et asperis temporibus,

    Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

    venatus,

    Verg. A. 8, 318:

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

    pugna,

    Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

    fata,

    id. ib. 6, 882:

    odia,

    id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

    multa aspera,

    Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

    asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

    Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    verba,

    Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

    vox,

    Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
    a.
    Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
    b.
    Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
    1.
    Transf.:

    loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

    dicere,

    id. 2, 8, 15:

    syllabae aspere coëuntes,

    id. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    aspere accipere aliquid,

    Tac. A. 4, 31:

    aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

    aspere agere aliquid,

    Liv. 3, 50:

    aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

    aspere et vehementer loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

    asperius loqui aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

    asperius scribere de aliquo,

    id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

    asperrime loqui in aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    asperrime pati aliquid,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

    asperrime saevire in aliquem,

    Vell. 2, 7.
    2.
    Asper, eri, m.
    I.
    A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

    L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

    Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
    II.
    Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Asper

  • 14 asper

    1.
    asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

    aspris = asperis,

    Verg. A. 2, 379;

    aspro = aspero,

    Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
    I.
    1.. Lit.:

    lingua aspera tactu,

    Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

    mixta aspera levibus,

    Lucr. 2, 471:

    in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

    Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

    lene, asperum,

    id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

    tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

    Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

    Leucas,

    Luc. 1, 42:

    loca,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

    viae asperae,

    ib. Bar. 4, 26:

    vallis aspera,

    ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    glacies,

    Verg. E. 10, 49:

    hiems,

    Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

    and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

    harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

    aspera signis Pocula,

    Verg. A. 9, 263:

    Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

    id. ib. 5, 267:

    signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

    Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

    stantem extra pocula caprum,

    Juv. 1, 76):

    Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 701:

    aspera pocula,

    Prop. 2, 6, 17:

    ebur,

    Sen. Hippol. 899:

    balteus,

    Val. Fl. 5, 578:

    cingula bacis,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

    nummus,

    not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

    mare,

    agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

    barba,

    Tib. 1, 8, 32:

    sentes,

    Verg. A. 2, 379:

    rubus,

    id. E. 3, 89:

    mucro,

    Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
    2.
    Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

    quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

    Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
    3.
    Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

    latens in asperis radix,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

    aspera maris,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    propter aspera et confragosa,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

    per aspera et devia,

    Suet. Tib. 60:

    erunt aspera in vias planas,

    Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

    asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

    Tac. A. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

    asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

    asper sapor maris,

    Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

    quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

    id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

    asperrimum piper,

    id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

    acetum quam asperrimum,

    id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
    2.
    Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

    (pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

    virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

    Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

    duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
    3.
    Of smell, sharp, pungent:

    herba odoris asperi,

    Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

    quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

    Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

    orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    aspera Juno,

    Verg. A. 1, 279:

    juvenis monitoribus asper,

    Hor. A. P. 163:

    patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

    Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

    rebus non asper egenis,

    Verg. A. 8, 365:

    cladibus asper,

    exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

    asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

    unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

    (Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

    Ov. M. 13, 803:

    Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

    asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

    Verg. A. 7, 647:

    aspera Pholoe,

    coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

    accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

    Cic. Mur. 29:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

    (Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40:

    (Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

    Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

    Camilla aspera,

    id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

    gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

    Just. 2, 3:

    virgo aspera,

    i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
    b.
    Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

    (anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

    Verg. G. 3, 434:

    bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

    id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

    ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

    Verg. A. 9, 62:

    lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

    Ov. M. 11, 402:

    ille (leo) asper retro redit,

    Verg. A. 9, 794:

    tigris aspera,

    Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

    (equus) asper frena pati,

    Sil. 3, 387.—
    B.
    Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

    in periculis et asperis temporibus,

    Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

    venatus,

    Verg. A. 8, 318:

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

    pugna,

    Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

    fata,

    id. ib. 6, 882:

    odia,

    id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

    multa aspera,

    Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

    asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

    Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    verba,

    Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

    vox,

    Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
    a.
    Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
    b.
    Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
    1.
    Transf.:

    loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

    dicere,

    id. 2, 8, 15:

    syllabae aspere coëuntes,

    id. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    aspere accipere aliquid,

    Tac. A. 4, 31:

    aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

    aspere agere aliquid,

    Liv. 3, 50:

    aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

    aspere et vehementer loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

    asperius loqui aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

    asperius scribere de aliquo,

    id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

    asperrime loqui in aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    asperrime pati aliquid,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

    asperrime saevire in aliquem,

    Vell. 2, 7.
    2.
    Asper, eri, m.
    I.
    A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

    L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

    Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
    II.
    Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > asper

  • 15 asperum

    1.
    asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

    aspris = asperis,

    Verg. A. 2, 379;

    aspro = aspero,

    Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
    I.
    1.. Lit.:

    lingua aspera tactu,

    Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

    mixta aspera levibus,

    Lucr. 2, 471:

    in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

    Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

    lene, asperum,

    id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

    tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

    Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

    Leucas,

    Luc. 1, 42:

    loca,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

    viae asperae,

    ib. Bar. 4, 26:

    vallis aspera,

    ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    glacies,

    Verg. E. 10, 49:

    hiems,

    Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

    and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

    harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

    aspera signis Pocula,

    Verg. A. 9, 263:

    Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

    id. ib. 5, 267:

    signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

    Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

    stantem extra pocula caprum,

    Juv. 1, 76):

    Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 701:

    aspera pocula,

    Prop. 2, 6, 17:

    ebur,

    Sen. Hippol. 899:

    balteus,

    Val. Fl. 5, 578:

    cingula bacis,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

    nummus,

    not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

    mare,

    agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

    barba,

    Tib. 1, 8, 32:

    sentes,

    Verg. A. 2, 379:

    rubus,

    id. E. 3, 89:

    mucro,

    Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
    2.
    Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

    quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

    Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
    3.
    Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

    latens in asperis radix,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

    aspera maris,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    propter aspera et confragosa,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

    per aspera et devia,

    Suet. Tib. 60:

    erunt aspera in vias planas,

    Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

    asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

    Tac. A. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

    asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

    asper sapor maris,

    Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

    quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

    id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

    asperrimum piper,

    id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

    acetum quam asperrimum,

    id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
    2.
    Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

    (pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

    virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

    Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

    duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
    3.
    Of smell, sharp, pungent:

    herba odoris asperi,

    Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

    quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

    Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

    orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    aspera Juno,

    Verg. A. 1, 279:

    juvenis monitoribus asper,

    Hor. A. P. 163:

    patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

    Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

    rebus non asper egenis,

    Verg. A. 8, 365:

    cladibus asper,

    exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

    asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

    unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

    (Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

    Ov. M. 13, 803:

    Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

    asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

    Verg. A. 7, 647:

    aspera Pholoe,

    coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

    accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

    Cic. Mur. 29:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

    (Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40:

    (Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

    Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

    Camilla aspera,

    id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

    gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

    Just. 2, 3:

    virgo aspera,

    i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
    b.
    Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

    (anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

    Verg. G. 3, 434:

    bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

    id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

    ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

    Verg. A. 9, 62:

    lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

    Ov. M. 11, 402:

    ille (leo) asper retro redit,

    Verg. A. 9, 794:

    tigris aspera,

    Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

    (equus) asper frena pati,

    Sil. 3, 387.—
    B.
    Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

    in periculis et asperis temporibus,

    Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

    venatus,

    Verg. A. 8, 318:

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

    pugna,

    Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

    fata,

    id. ib. 6, 882:

    odia,

    id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

    multa aspera,

    Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

    asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

    Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    verba,

    Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

    vox,

    Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
    a.
    Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
    b.
    Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
    1.
    Transf.:

    loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

    dicere,

    id. 2, 8, 15:

    syllabae aspere coëuntes,

    id. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    aspere accipere aliquid,

    Tac. A. 4, 31:

    aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

    aspere agere aliquid,

    Liv. 3, 50:

    aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

    aspere et vehementer loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

    asperius loqui aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

    asperius scribere de aliquo,

    id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

    asperrime loqui in aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    asperrime pati aliquid,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

    asperrime saevire in aliquem,

    Vell. 2, 7.
    2.
    Asper, eri, m.
    I.
    A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

    L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

    Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
    II.
    Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > asperum

  • 16 dulcis

    dulcis, e, adj. [from gulcis, by dissimilation; cf. ten-ebrae from root tam-; root in Sanscr. gul-jam, sweetness; Gr. glukus, glukeros, sweet], sweet (very freq.; cf.: suavis, venustus, jucundus, gratus, acceptus, amoenus, etc.).
    I.
    Lit., opp. amarus:

    (animal) sentit et dulcia et amara,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 13; cf. Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 72:

    mel,

    id. Asin. 3, 3, 24; id. Truc. 2, 4, 20; cf.:

    liquor mellis,

    Lucr. 1, 938; 4, 13:

    aqua,

    id. 6, 890:

    poma,

    id. 5, 1377; Hor. S. 2, 5, 12:

    vinum,

    id. C. 3, 12, 1; cf.

    merum,

    id. ib. 3, 13, 2:

    dolium,

    id. Epod. 2, 47:

    olivum,

    id. S. 2, 4, 64:

    sapor,

    id. C. 3, 1, 19 et saep.— Comp.:

    uva,

    Ov. M. 13, 795.— Sup.:

    panis,

    Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 92 et saep.—Hence,
    B.
    Subst. and heterocl., dulcia, ōrum, n., sweet cakes, honey-cakes, sugar-cakes (late Lat.), Vop. Tac. 6; Lampr. Heliog. 26; 31; Prud. Psych. 429.—
    II.
    Trop., agreeable, delightful, pleasant, charming, soft, flattering.
    A.
    In gen.:

    dulcia atque amara apud te sum elocutus omnia,

    Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 2; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 61; id. Truc. 1, 2, 78:

    vita,

    Lucr. 2, 997; cf.:

    lumina vitae,

    id. 5, 989:

    solacia, vitae,

    id. 5, 21:

    orator,

    Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3; cf.

    of orators or writers,

    Quint. 10, 1, 77; 73; 12, 10, 44; cf.

    also: non quo ea (oratione) Laelii quicquam sit dulcius,

    Cic. Brut. 21, 83:

    genus dicendi,

    Quint. 2, 8, 4:

    carmen,

    id. 12, 10, 33:

    poëmata,

    Hor. A. P. 99 et saep.:

    nomen libertatis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 63; cf. id. Att. 15, 13, 3:

    auditu nomen,

    Liv. 24, 21, 3:

    amores,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 15:

    otium,

    id. Epod. 1, 8:

    fortuna,

    id. C. 1, 37, 11:

    dulce et decorum est pro patria mori,

    Hor. C. 3, 2, 13.—With dat.:

    mensae dulcis herili canis,

    Val. Fl. 7, 130.—Prov.:

    dulce etiam fugias, fieri quod amarum potest,

    Pub. Syr. 144 Rib. — Sup.:

    epistola,

    Cic. Att. 15, 13, 4:

    quod in amicissimo quoque dulcissimum est,

    id. Lael. 23 fin. al.—
    B.
    In partic. of friends, lovers, etc., friendly, pleasant, agreeable, charming, kind, dear:

    amici (opp. acerbi inimici),

    Cic. Lael. 24 fin.; cf.:

    amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

    id. ib. 18 fin.:

    liberi,

    Hor. Epod. 2, 40; cf.

    nata,

    id. S. 2, 3, 199:

    alumnus,

    id. C. 3, 23, 7; id. Ep. 1, 4, 8.—Hence, in addressing a person:

    optime et dulcissime frater,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 11; cf.:

    dulcissime Attice,

    id. Att. 6, 2, 9: mi dulcissime Tiro, Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2:

    dulcis amice,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 12:

    dulce decus meum,

    id. C. 1, 1, 2.— Absol.:

    quid agis, dulcissime rerum?

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.— Hence, adv. (acc. to II.), agreeably, delightfully.
    (α).
    dulcĭter, Cic. Fin. 2, 6, 18; Quint. 1, 10, 24; 4, 2, 62; 9, 4, 14; 12, 10, 71. —
    (β).
    dulce, Cat. 51, 5; Hor. C. 1, 22, 23; 24; id. Ep. 1, 7, 27; Stat. S. 3, 4, 8; id. Th. 4, 274.—
    b.
    Comp.:

    dulcius spirare,

    Quint. 12, 10, 27; Prop. 1, 2, 14.—
    c.
    Sup.:

    dulcissime scripta,

    Cic. Brut. 19, 77.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dulcis

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